Stefan’s Diaries The Craving Chapter 10 Free Essays

November 6, 1864 Damon is back, however it appears he was rarely really gone. He has been watching me, teasing me, controlling me. He is the manikin ace and I am his hapless puppet, compelled to do his offering. We will compose a custom paper test on Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 10 or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Until I saw Damon, I had not understood exactly how affectionate I had happened to the Sutherlands, of how they facilitated my depression and gave me trust that I probably won't need to live in a state of banishment. In spite of the fact that I realized I needed to leave them, I had set out to trust that by demonstrating I could remain in charge around them, my excursion through this world may eventually be less singular. Be that as it may, Damon knows me very well. He may have constrained the Sutherlands to acknowledge me, however he didn’t propel me to remain in their quality. I could have sneaked out toward the beginning of today, could have run off in the recreation center, could have vanished into the group at the ball. But then I stayed, on the grounds that, as Damon no uncertainty anticipated, I enjoyed being a piece of a family once more, regardless of whether only for a couple of short lived days. Damon’s plan frightens me †unequivocally on the grounds that I don’t get it. Why New York? Why the Sutherlands? Why include me? In the event that Damon had the option to coordinate everything, to so consistently mesh his way into the Sutherlands’ lives and prepare for my appearance, why stage such an exhibition? Why mess with a marriage? Why not simply count on Winfield and propel him and the teller to purge his huge records? Does he plan to live as a human? Does he need the marriage for authenticity in New York society? Is it true that he is just expectation after tormenting me? Or on the other hand is there something I’m missing? Some mystery point I can’t conceivably start to imagine†¦ The sum total of what I have are questions. Also, I dread that the appropriate responses won’t come until the main dead body appears. Later that Monday evening, I remained on the rooftop deck of one of the most astonishing Federal-style houses at any point assembled. Thin segments bolstered a taking off yard over a proper passage, to which a terrific, bended garage moved up as regally as an honorary pathway. From casement to cornice everything about astutely considered and never exaggerated. The lounge area, enormous and oval, was (as close as should have been obvious) precisely equivalent to the one in the White House. The White House. In our new capital. That’s the kind of spot the Commandant’s House was, as befitted the man who took care of the Brooklyn Naval Yards. What it needed size and present day contacts, (for example, the Sutherlands’ living arrangement), it more than compensated for in consummately manicured yards, a fine plantation, and an astounding perspective on Manhattan. The property was roosted nearly on a precipice looking over the East River and the city that was under the Navy’s assurance. Commodore Matthew Perry himself had lived there before. I moaned at its superbness. â€Å"No,† Bridget stated, shaking her head unequivocally and heading back first floor, getting the train of her skirts in an extremely systematic manner. Her little escort followed, giggling great naturedly. â€Å"It’s too white,† kidded Bram. â€Å"It’s too small,† included Hilda. â€Å"But it’s unfathomable! The perspectives! The size! The†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I said. â€Å"What’s amiss with this one?† â€Å"Placement. It’s in Brooklyn,† Bridget stated, scarcely recognizing her life partner. â€Å"No one goes to Brooklyn to be married.† Winfield and his better half took a gander at one another with old love, obviously recollecting their own wedding. Evidently it had been very unassuming †he had not made his fortune yet. Neither one of them had disapproved. But then they were happy to enjoy their most youthful little girl in her most costly trips of extravagant. Lydia grinned and mumbled something to Damon, who wasn’t truly focusing. She didn’t mind where she was hitched. While it was to be a twofold component with us two â€Å"happy† couples getting married simultaneously, she had thoughtfully permitted her sister to choose all the subtleties. The Sutherlands were in any event ostensibly Episcopal, yet clearly neither Damon’s nor my religion, or scarcity in that department, was a trouble, nor was a legitimate church important to the procedures; a family house of prayer †an exceptionally rich family’s sanctuary †would be sufficient. Bridget was exceptionally present day that way. â€Å"So for what reason did we trouble seeing those chateaus on Prospect Park?† Margaret mumbled. â€Å"If Brooklyn is out, I mean.† â€Å"I rather loved the one with all the Romanesque arches,† I stated, anxious to move this bit of the hoax weddings. â€Å"Fear not, brother,† Damon stated, throwing me on the shoulder. â€Å"Only four more to go. Back in Manhattan.† We clacked down the lofty, wooden, and rather antiquated steps to the ground floor, expressing gratitude toward the head servant for giving us access. At that point it was a stroll down to the Fulton Ferry landing, where a pontoon would take us across to a genuine band of carriages for the long uptown drive. â€Å"This would be a decent spot for a frozen yogurt parlor,† Lydia commented, strolling around the dock contemplatively. â€Å"You need an ice cream?† Damon asked, as though to a four-year-old. On the off chance that being with Bridget was terrible enough, with me continually recoiling at the things that came out of her mouth, the apprehensive pressure of trusting that Damon will say or accomplish something unpleasant was far and away more terrible. I was filled with anticipation the whole day. Since Damon would state something repulsive, sooner or later, to Lydia, when he felt burnt out on of playing the round of mindful admirer. His capacity to focus for games †other than ones he was wagering on †was inconceivably constrained. â€Å"Yes,† Lydia said. â€Å"And there’s no dessert here. Also, there ought to be.† â€Å"Won’t matter,† Bridget stated, attempting to add something helpful to the discussion. â€Å"Soon there’s going to be a monster scaffold and this will all be concealed off and there won’t be anything aside from noisy carriages and the smell of horses.† Bram, the first wellspring of this data, shook his head. â€Å"No, Bridgey, the point is fine. Look where the sun is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I inclined toward a dock railing, reviewing our little gathering. The young ladies in this setting resembled a scene from an artwork, the four ladies’ cheeks blushing with daylight and the effort of the day, the long strips from their straw caps blowing in the breeze, their feathery strolling skirts cleared facing their legs by the ocean breeze. They were all delightful, and for one minute I could overlook my current circumstance. Margaret purchased a paper from a newsy to peruse on the stumble over. It was a fine day for a vessel ride and abnormally the East River didn’t repulse me the manner in which crisp running water typically did. Bridget went to plunk down inside the ship, not needing any more sun on her skin, which was unexpected and diverting thinking about my own circumstance. I was unwinding just because that day, my face up to the sun, letting my Mediterranean skin take on a tanned, solid gleam. And afterward Margaret thudded down in the seat close to me. â€Å"You appear to be at any rate more sensible than the other fiance,† Margaret snapped. â€Å"Tell me. What do you need with my family. Cash? The business? What?† I moaned deep down. â€Å"You need to accept me,† I stated, fixing her blue eyes with my own hazel ones. Without convincing her, I willed my voice to sound as authentic as could be expected under the circumstances. I took her arms in my grasp, which was strong, yet I required her to comprehend. â€Å"I am not after Bridget’s riches. All I need is your family’s security and joy. I vow to you by whatever you want.† â€Å"That’s simply the issue. I don’t comprehend what your assertion is worth. I don’t know you. No one knows you,† Margaret said. Murmuring, she removed her cap. â€Å"It’s just†¦ so†¦ odd. I can perceive any reason why Bridget likes you, you’re surely attractive and well-mannered†¦.† I cast my eyes down, humiliated. â€Å"But truly †no papers, no history, only an escapee of the South? This is Bridget we’re discussing. She needed Papa to take every one of us on a voyage through Europe so she could catch the core of a lord, or ruler, or possibly a duke. Nothing not as much as eminence for her. Also, no offense, you’re about as a long way from eminence as one can get.† â€Å"Well, and Lydia got her check, I suppose.† â€Å"Yes,† Margaret said astutely. She looked at me, pushing a dark ring of hair back behind her ear. â€Å"And shouldn't something be said about Damon DeSangue†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I shrugged, attempting to look honest. â€Å"What do you consider him? You two have been†¦ abnormally close since your twofold affirmations of love.† I gazed into the separation south, where the compelling Hudson and East streams joined and turned into the ocean. I concealed the city from my eyes, shutting it out, and the sun was brilliant white and rose over antiquated, fascinating waters. What amount would I be able to advise her without imperiling her? She was by all accounts the just one in the family with a reasonable head on her shoulders. I contemplated Katherine and whether my family would have been more ready with some notice. â€Å"Don’t trust him,† I at long last conceded, trusting I wasn’t putting her at more serious hazard. â€Å"I don’t.† â€Å"Hm.† She investigated at Damon, who was talking animatedly with Bram and Winfield. â€Å"Neither do I.† Bridget had picked the following hardly any scenes to visit as distant as it was conceivable to get from where we were. The house of the Richards was close to Fort Tryon on the northern tip of Manhattan, while the Fulton Ferry dock was at the southeastern end. The moderate ride in our carriages from down

Lithosphere Essays - Bodies Of Water, Oceans, Physical Oceanography

Lithosphere Essays - Bodies Of Water, Oceans, Physical Oceanography Lithosphere Notes on the lithosphere-(rock circle) Upper most part is outside layer of earth. Accumulated of rocks of external outside layer. Peripheral shell. Upper part-rocks we see at and close to the earths surface. Covering is 5 to 10 km thick under most seas and 24 to 60 km thick under the landmasses. The lithosphere under the outside layer is strong, thick material. (more thick than surface materials). Lithosphere 100-200 km. Notes on the aesthenosphere-zone underneath the lithosphere. Thick like tar. Powerless on account of high teperatures at that profundity. Thickness 2.7-3.4 to around 12. Notes on the hydrosphere-(Water-bearing) Too little because of the inconsistency of upward projection. Thickness 1.1 Notes on the Atmosphere-just 10 km thick layer of gas which is the premise of human life. Sanctums. 0.0. Responses inside litho to hydro, none other than development of sand and other free drifting particles, absorbtion. Hydro to atmo, dissipation, precipitation, mater, vitality, gases, salt, oxygen, carbon dioxide. Litho to atmo, none other than precipitation. Silicon tetrahedron-tetrahedron, a state of a precious stone. On the off chance that a quartz precious stone, (SiO) is broken, at that point it would break. A feldspar (Al,Si,O,Ca,Na) is part, it would equally separate. Of all stones O=46% Si=28%. Essential structure-4 oxygen, one Si, I n the state of a pyramid. Such an establishment is a Si tetrahedron. Silicates are the most widely recognized group of minerals. Tetrahedrons-Si + O2= 75% of all. Rocks are grouped by how they are framed. Volcanic rocks-are normally not permeable. They cement from a liquid state. Are additionally named plutonic (meddlesome) and volcanic (extrusive). Volcanic cement on the earth?s surface. Plutonic set beneath the earth?s surface. Transformative ro cks harden (changed structure) are se! dimentary or volcanic shakes in which the minerals or surface or both have been changed by high weights and temperatures without dissolving. Sedimentary Rockss incorporate, stone, sandstone. Air masses-Cold Fronts-The Interface at which cold air replaces warm air. Cold Fronts for the most part come after the warm fronts in such a framework. Truth be told, it is generally trailed by downpour. Shaped via air streaming over the land and sea that arranges in the tropics, landmasses, seas. CT, CP, MT, MP Warm fronts-the interface where warm air replaces cold air. Implied by half circles. saltiness The quantity of grams of broke down material in 1000 grams of seawater. Saltiness is normally comparative with salt. In the sea, there is approx. 35 grams of salt for each thousand. It is created by the development of broke up particles towards a bowl of! water. Sodium and chlorine particles make up about 85% of all. Particles of only 6 components make up over 99% of the particles. Relative sums: Chlor 55.2%; Sod 30.5; Sulfate 7.7; Magnes 3.7; Calc 1.2; Pot 1.1; All others .7 percent all things considered. Exe. 100 grams seawater, 965 grams water, 35 grams salts. Na + Cl - . Follow components are very little in the improvement of water. They make up the other one percent of the particles in seawater. Winds are the cheif reason for waves and sea developments of that type. Each wave has a top, or peak. Every ha a bnottom, or trough. Tallness rises to peak less trough. Peak to peak legnth is wavelegnth. Time between peaks is known as the period. Period rises to wavelegnth separated by period. Over profound water, waves with long wavelegnths travel quicker than those with short wavelegnths. Long waves smashing on a sea shore are typically an indication of an up and coming tempest. At the point when the water is more profound than one-a la rge portion of the wave legnth, the water particles move around! around and around. The width rises to the wave tallness. More profound and more profound, widths decline. One half legnth of wave, no distinguishable movement. Waves break since base particles are delayed floor as upper particles race ahead. The outcome is a breaking wave. Waves twist at sea shores to become equal since when water is shallower, the waves delayed down, in this manner allowing the slanted calculated waves to get up to speed. Flows are brought about by twists at the ocean?s surface. The sun is the essential wellspring of vitality for sea flows.

Epicurean Philosophy Strategies for Finding Happiness

Epicurean Philosophy Strategies for Finding Happiness Happiness Print Using Epicurean Philosophy for Finding Happiness By Jodi Clarke, MA, LPC/MHSP twitter linkedin Jodi Clarke, LPC/MHSP is a licensed professional counselor and mental health service provider with over 20 years of experience in the field. Learn about our editorial policy Jodi Clarke, MA, LPC/MHSP Updated on August 12, 2019 More in Self-Improvement Happiness Meditation Stress Management Spirituality Holistic Health Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships View All In This Article Table of Contents Expand Lifestyle Beliefs Unhappiness Cure Applications View All Back To Top There have been many insights gained through history, by both philosophers and psychologists alike, regarding the notion of happiness. One of the great minds to focus on the concept of happiness was Epicurus, a Greek philosopher who lived between 341 BC and 270 BC. Epicurus was in agreement with other philosophers about happiness being our ultimate human pursuit, but he suggested something very different than others had proposed in terms of how that might look in our decision making and behaviors. Many philosophers suggested that experiencing pleasure and happiness meant allowing yourself to indulge and enjoy things to excess. Epicurus, on the other hand, suggested that pleasure was found in simple living. Illustration by Jessica Olah, Verywell The Epicurean Lifestyle To experience tranquility, Epicurus suggested that we could seek knowledge of how the world works and limit our desires. For him, the pleasure was to be obtained through things such as: KnowledgeFriendshipCommunityLiving a virtuous lifeLiving a temperate lifeModeration in all thingsAbstaining from bodily desires The term temperate, as in living a temperate life, means a mild or modest style. So, although he suggested we are motivated to seek pleasure, Epicurus had a much different idea of what that looked like in daily living. Epicurus perspective and teaching has been referred to as serene hedonism. The term hedonism in philosophy refers to the notion that pleasure is the most important pursuit of mankind and the source of all that is good. People who are considered hedonists are those who make it their lifes work to experience maximum pleasure. Their decision making and behaviors are all motivated by the desire to experience pleasure. Epicurus Beliefs Epicurus held thoughts on pleasure, desires, lifestyle, and more when it came to achieving happiness. Happiness There are three states Epicurus considered to constitute happiness. Factors for Happiness TranquilityFreedom from fear (ataraxia)Absence of bodily pain (aponia) It is this combination of factors that would, ultimately, allow people to experience happiness at the highest level. Although it may seem impossible to attain or sustain, there are people who follow epicurean beliefs and seek to experience this level of happiness in their lives. There is one factor that Epicurus suggested has the power to destroy pleasure, which is anxiety about our future. Although he suggested this has more to do with not fearing gods or death, the idea that we would be fearful about anything in our future was considered an obstacle to our experience of pleasure, tranquility, and happiness. Pleasure and Pain Epicurus identified two types of pleasureâ€"moving and staticâ€"and described two areas of pleasure and painâ€"physical and mental. Moving pleasure refers to actively being in the process of satisfying a desire. An example of this could be eating food when you feel hungry. In those moments we are taking action toward our intended goal of pleasure. The other type of pleasure, static pleasure, refers to the experience we have once our desire is met. To use the example of eating food when we are hungry, the static pleasure would be what we are feeling once we have eaten. The satisfaction of feeling full, and no longer being in need (hungry), would be a static pleasure. Epicurus suggested that static pleasures are the preferred form of pleasure. Physical pleasures and pains, he suggested, had to do with the present. Mental pleasures and pains had to do with the past and future. Examples of this could include positive memories of past events or experiences that bring us feelings of joy or pleasure or, conversely, unpleasant memories of our past that bring us pain. When looking to the future we can feel hopeful or fearful, experiencing either pleasure or pain about what is to come. Desires Epicurus identified three types of desires: Natural and necessary desires: Examples of this could include things like food and shelter. These things are easier to satisfy and hard or impossible to eliminate from our lives.Natural and non-necessary desires: This refers to things like gourmet foods and luxury goods. They represent things that are harder to satisfy and likely to end up causing us pain as a result of unfulfilled desires. Epicurus suggested that it is best to minimize, or eliminate altogether, this type of desire in order to seek tranquility.Vain and empty desires: Examples include things like power, status, wealth, or fame. These are difficult things to obtain or achieve and less likely to satisfy. He argues that, because there is no limit to these desires, they could never fully satisfy or bring pleasure. Therefore, we are not motivated to fulfill these desires in order to help ourselves achieve greater happiness and pleasure. Friendship Epicurus emphasized the importance of friendship. In fact, he suggested that friendship was one of the greatest means of obtaining pleasure. Epicurus believed that connection with friends offered a sense of safety, whereas lack of connection can lead to isolation, despair, and peril. Although our modern culture tends to emphasize the idea of individualistic living, where being self-contained and not reliant on others may be perceived as a strength, Epicureans believe that strength is found in connection and friendship with others. Courage was a highly regarded virtue for Epicurus as well. With regard to friendship, he even suggested that one should be courageous enough to lay down his life for his friends. The Unhappiness Cure Epicurus created what is referred to as a four-part cure for unhappiness. The term tetrapharmakos means four-part cure or four-part remedy. This term originally meant a medical antidote or healing concoction to be taken as a cure for illness. Followers of Epicurus, known as epicureans, suggest it is a formula for overcoming unpleasant feelings such as fear, anxiety, or despair. 4-Part Unhappiness Cure God is nothing to fearDeath is nothing to worry aboutIt is easy to acquire the good things in lifeIt is easy to endure the terrible things Epicurus does not suggest that pain is completely avoidable. However, he does suggest that pain can be endured and we can even strive to experience happiness while in emotional or physical pain. Epicurus stated, Meditate on these day and night, and the ones related to them, both alone and with someone like yourself, and you will never be badly disturbed, whether awake or dreaming. He emphasizes focusing on these statements in order to challenge fears, reframe thoughts, and gain a new perspective in order to continue seeking happiness and tranquility. Epicurus also stated to do this meditation with like-minded people. Applications to Modern Living Life is uncertain and we cannot, ultimately, avoid pain or vulnerability. We will encounter pain and vulnerability as part of our human experience. Living positively and seeking to maintain a sense of peace, happiness, and tranquility can still be a driving desire as we go through our life experiences. In an effort to live more positively, we can incorporate Epicurean beliefs into our way of life and our personal decision making. Of the ideas described and outlined by Epicurus in his time, a common through is personal choice. We cannot always avoid pain and feelings of fear but, possibly, he suggests that we can choose to (or choose not to) stay in pain and fear. This may mean that we declutter our living environment of items, rid ourselves of expectation, stop attaching happiness to things like status, wealth, or fame, and reframe our limiting beliefs. Minimalism What some people may have referred to as tranquil and temperate living back then may be more recognized in modern times as minimalism. Minimalism suggests that by living with less, we can experience greater peace and freedom. As Epicurus suggested, freedom from unnecessary things allows greater freedom of fear, freedom from worry, freedom from depression or regret, and freedom from expectations. As described by minimalists Joshua Fields Milburn and Ryan Nicodemus, Minimalism is a tool to rid yourself of lifes excess in favor of focusing on what is importantâ€"ao you can find happiness, fulfillment, and freedom. As Epicurus proposed, an element of happiness is ataraxia, which means freedom from fear or worry. He suggests that to be happy we must turn away from external things. Minimalist living offers an example of what an Epicurean lifestyle might look like in our modern times. Reframing Thoughts When someone asks us, What does happiness look like? we may easily come up with an image in mind of financial resources, a certain appearance, particular items such as a car or home, vacations, time with friends or family, a specific career, etc. As we go through life we are gaining an understanding of our world by making observations and placing meaning to what we are observing. Part of our image of happiness becomes related to items, people, and circumstancesâ€"external things that can change at any moment, bring us pain, or leave us longing for more. To embrace an Epicurean approach to living, we would need to not only declutter our physical space but also address what happens in our minds by challenging existing beliefs about happiness, what it means to be happy, and how we seek to attain happiness through our decision making and behaviors. Find and Focus on Positivity Take into consideration some of the following tips for living more positively, as written by Steve Mueller, author and founder of the motivation site Planet of Success: Discover positivity in negative situationsRid your life of sources of negativityPractice gratitudeCultivate a positive environmentHave a positive postureMake use of positive affirmationsPractice mindfulness and meditationSlow things downConfront negative thoughtsLearn to deal with criticismKeep a positivity journal There are a variety of ways to begin practicing a more optimistic, hopeful way of thinking and being. As you consider your own sources of happiness, your own values, and your given strengths to help you fulfill your desires and needs, you may find unique ways to express positivity in your life. Keep a Balanced Perspective As you take inventory of your personal beliefs about happiness and how these compare to Epicurean beliefs about happiness, it might be interesting to reflect on some the ideas and quotes that are often associated with Epicurus. You may have heard or read these before but they can certainly spark personal reflection on living a balanced life: Do not spoil what you have by desiring what you do not have; remember that what you now have was once among the things you only hoped for.He who is not satisfied with a little is satisfied with nothing.Of all the means to insure happiness through the whole life, by far the most important is the acquisition of friends.You dont develop courage by being happy in your relationships every day. You develop it by surviving difficult times and challenging adversity.We must, therefore, pursue the things that make for happiness, seeing that when happiness is present, we have everything; but when it is absent we do everything to possess it.Be moderate in order to taste the joys of life in abundance. A Word From Verywell It might seem a bit unrealistic to think that we could ever be constantly happy given the challenges and adventures that life can throw our way. However, we can make a point to seek pleasure and comfort, particularly when faced with challenges. Find sources of information and inspiration that speak to you, your beliefs, your desires, and your purpose. Allow yourself an opportunity to discover what happiness is to you and how to go about achieving that in your life. Take time to examine what you can be doing differently in your life on a daily basis that will allow you to experience greater happiness and freedom. Find something that works for you, whether you use Epicurus ideas for finding happiness or find a different strategy. The How to Find Best Types of Happiness in Your Life

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The Impact Of Immigration On The United States - 1415 Words

Recent immigration has not only increased since the end of World War 2, but also gained momentum, reaching numbers in the 1990s. The national origin of US immigrants also changed sharply over the past fifty years. Before 1960, the vast majority came from European countries or Canada. Even as late as the 1950s, more than two-thirds of all arrivals were from these countries. During 1960s, however, when family reunification criteria rather than national origin quotas became the basis for allocating entry visas, the composition changed rapidly. According to US Immigration and Naturalization Service in 2014, only 12% of legal immigrants had originated in Europe or Canada, where as nearly 85% reported origins in Asia, Latin America, or the Caribbean. Another contentious subject is legal immigration, or migration. Legal immigration has a significant impact on both the country the individual leaves and the country to which they go. Over the centuries, countries have seen the ramifications of legal immigration and migration. Legal migration has a significant impact on both countries. Legal immigration and migration across borders in essence lowers the unemployment rate in the country the migrant leaves. (If a migrant leaves a country for another, the reason is probably economic or social.) The migrant, in turn takes jobs from the new country’s economy. This, in high volumes, has been seen to either lower unemployment rates or decrease the number of jobs available. Migrants oftenShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Immigration On The United States1301 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The US Council of Economic Advisers on Immigration s Economic Impact. Population and Development Review, 33. 3, (2007), 641. Web. Feb. 2017. Immigration remains the subject of significant public and political debate in the United States. In May and June of 2007, a lot of public attention was concentrated on a debate in the U.S congress on legislation. The bill in front of the senate formally named the â€Å"Secure Borders, Economic Opportunity and Immigration Reform Act of 2007,† was controversialRead MoreImpact Of Immigration On The United States1017 Words   |  5 Pagespassed during that time that affected immigrants. America’s view at this time reflected that of strong Nativism. Several anti-immigration groups had their fair share of influence in political affairs that had a negative affect on certain groups. This paper will outline the events that led to three pieces of legislation. This paper will also highlight the impact on immigration and how the chosen pieces of legislation contributed to future legislation (if at all). The first piece of legislation highlightedRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The United States971 Words   |  4 Pagesimmigrants in the United States? What is the impact of immigrants in the United States economic system? How can we define the history of immigration in the United States? According to Nancy Kleniewski, â€Å"It has often been said that the United States is a nation of immigrants. Immigration has been a long-term trend, but both the locations where immigrants settle and the places from which they come have changed over the years† (Kleniewski, 169). For a very long time in the United States, there seemsRead MoreImpact Of Immigration On The United States1283 Words   |  6 Pagescreate a safer border environment by facing the multiple Issues and Challenges, like illegal Immigration, Drug Enforcement, and cross-border Transportation, and Technological improvements by Homeland security influence the agents, trying to cease these issues. A vast complication that the United States goes through is the huge illegal immigration. Each year thousands of illegal immigrants enter the United States across the U.S.-Mexican border. The result is that the congress has mandated increased effortsRead MoreImpact Of Immigration On The United States Essay1434 Words   |  6 Pagesharm. Major impacts of immigration can be observed in several forms of a countries economic system such as employment opportunities for both immigrated workers as well as current citizens along with unemployment rates, wages, profit margins, the ability of local and international business’ to grow and the overall GDP of the specific country. For this paper specifically the developed country that will be analysed will be Australia. Considered to be one of the worlds â€Å"major immigration nations† (togetherRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The United States1279 Words   |  6 Pagescreate a safer border environment by facing the multiple Issues and Challenges, like illegal Immigration, Drug Enforcement, and cross-border Trans portation, and Technological improvements by Homeland security influence the agents, trying to cease these issues. 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The foreign born population was 1,524,436 meaning thatRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On United States1989 Words   |  8 PagesThe Impact of Immigration on United States (U.S.) Economy Introduction In recent times, migration has been a major point of discussion at different international fora. According to the United Nations (UN), more than 175 million people, about three percent of world’s population, live and work permanently outside their countries of birth (UN, 2002). The changing faces of European migration, at the beginning of the new millennium is different from those of fifty years ago. Also, in the late 19th andRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The United States1925 Words   |  8 PagesImmigration is a very broad topic, a topic that has been highly discussed in the past. However, what is the reason that most people think people migrate from Mexico, Honduras, El Salvador, or Guatemala? Most would say it is because of job opportunities that will better their families. Some say it is because of the higher rate of freedom in the United States. However, not many people look at the hard environments back in the homelands of the immigrants. Maybe a big reason for crossing the borderRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The United States1692 Words   |  7 PagesImmigration has radically changed a religion picture in the United States. At the present time people with their unique culture, specific habits and traditions participate in our society. America is their home as well as ours. To live in peace together we have to understand, communicate and integrate with each other. But sometimes unforeseen events happen and crash the whole global hope for productive cooperation. On September 11, 2001, the tragedy in the USA shocked the whole world. It was the message

Globalization and Global Warming Free Essays

Memorandum This memo serves as an informative and analytical document discussing globalizations largest threat – global warming. I will address the following issues: †¢ What is global warming and how is it being caused? †¢ Who is contributing to its advancement? †¢ The threats and consequences of global warming †¢ Recommendations we can do to slow global warming Global Warming and It’s Cause Global warming could have started as early as the 1860’s due to the Industrial Revolution that began after the Civil War. This was a time of invention and creation; where man made machine and machine changed society. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization and Global Warming or any similar topic only for you Order Now Not only did the machine change society, but it also changed the atmospheric gases – more specifically, greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases consist of carbon dioxide – known to cause the greatest amount of global warming – methane gas, ozone, and nitrous oxide. These four greenhouse gases act as a blanket over the surface of the earth. As the sun hits the earth’s surface, the heat is reflected back towards the sun. The heat is then contained by the greenhouse gas blanket and warms the earth. Without this blanket, we would live in a very cold world. This atmospheric balance the earth provides is currently being tested by man. What happens when we expel our own greenhouse gases? The ‘blanket’ thickens and it traps in more heat. This extra heat upon the earth’s surface is known as global warming. Therefore, global warming can be defined as the effect that increased greenhouse gases have on the earth’s atmosphere. The increase of greenhouse gases are the result of two economical factors: the burning of fossil fuels for energy, and deforestation for industrialization. The first factor contributes to the majority of the xpelled greenhouse gases – that is: The Burning of Fossil Fuels As globalization spreads and increases industry, it also increases the deposit of polluting gases into the atmosphere. One such gas is carbon dioxide. The release of CO2 is more specifically caused from the burning of oil, coal, and gas. These three natural fuels, which are used in manufacturing and industrial growth, hav e constituted roughly 75% of human generated CO2 emissions expelled into the atmosphere during the past 20 years (IPCC WGI). Here is a graph supporting the increases of CO2: Indicators of the human influence on the atmosphere during the Industrial era [pic] (IPCC Chart 1) As you can see, this graph stops in the year 2000. Assuming there was an energy increase in the past 6 years by rapidly developing nations such as China and India, along with developed nations consistent energy use, we can also assume the CO2 concentration has continued its vertical climb. Deforestation The destruction or clearing (as some companies might put it) of the worlds’ forests are due in most part to agricultural needs and industrialization. Why scientistists agree that this practice is detrimental to the enviroment can be summed up in two ways: 1. trees act like sponges that suck in carbon dioxide and convert it to oxygen 2. when trees are burned, they release the stored carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere, adding to the pollution Hence, the more trees that are burned, the less carbon dioxide gets harbored. According to Greenpeace, â€Å"Thirty percent of the carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere over the past 150 years is thought to come from deforestation, but this is a small amount compared to what is still stored in forests. The Canadian and Russian boreal forests alone hold 40 percent of the world’s carbon stocks† (Greenpeace Science). In other areas of the world, carbon stocks are not being contained, but continually released through deforestation. Global Forest Watch, an independent oprganization that provides current information on forest development stated: â€Å"In 2002, about 47% of the Brazilian Amazon was under some type of human pressure; recent estimates comparing this figure with new data from 2005 show that human pressure has increased by 7%† (Global forest watch). Not only are we losing the possibility of finding rare tropical plants that could be converted into pharmaceuticals, but we are also destroying indigenous communities that dot the Amazon rainforest. It is understandable that deforestation is need for civilization, but there are ways we can curb its destruction and preserve the rainforests. Contributors of Global Warming If your means of transportation today did not consist of walking or riding a bike, chances are, you contributed to the burning of fossil fuels. Americans would not be able to survive without the use of fossil fuels. We produce them in our cars, our homes, and even in our waste. The bottom line is: fossil fuels create energy, and we need energy. So, it is not surprising that Americans are responsible for 25% of the greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere, despite having only 5% of the world’s population. (Stix 47) This makes America the largest polluter in the world. It is evident that when a country becomes a world leader through Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the focus becomes business. The need for business profits by corporations apitalizing on industry have an impact on the environment. Unfortunately, many industries do not take into consideration the effects their business has on the environment. Below is a chart comparing three countries – the United States, Former Soviet Union, and Japan – and their CO2 emissions: [pic] (IPCC Chart 2) In 2005 according to the CIA World Factbook, these same three countries had GDP’s of $12. 3 trillion, $4 trillion, and $1. 6 trillion respectively (GDP). While the U. S. has nearly doubled it’s GDP, you can bet as a developed nation, it has also increased it CO2 emissions. But, developed countries like the United States and Japan can’t be blamed for emitting all the CO2 into the atmosphere due to their industrialization. We must also look at developing countries such as China and Brazil who, while aspiring to increase their standard of living, are also increasing their energy use. As these nations develop and increase their industrialization, they inturn release substantial amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere. With the ever-increasing CO2 emissions and deforestation, what does it mean for the stability of our enviroment? The Threats and Consequences of Global Warming? The aforementioned greenhouse gas emissions and the deforestation process have been contributing to the global warming crisis. The most recent supporting evidence was reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Control (IPCC) in 2001. Established in 1988 due to climate change curiosity, the IPCC is composed of over 2,000 scientists and is regarded as the foremost authority on climate change by the United Nations (Wikipedia IPCC). They concluded, through a 2600 page comprehensive analysis of scientific research, that global warming is in fact caused by CO2 emissions and eforestation. According to the IPCC, the two primary factors of global warming are temperature and sea level. Using the latest research and the current trends in global warming, the IPCC predictions through the end of the 21st century are as follows (IPCC SPM): †¢ A rise of global temperatures from 2. 5 ° to 10. 4 ° F †¢ A rise of Sea levels from 4†³ to 3†² Rising of Global Temperature Th e effects of this variable are quite profound. Scientists predict it could increase the frequency and magnitude of hurricanes; similar to what happened on the U. S. ’s Gulf Coast in the fall of 2005. They predict it could also do the same to El Nino; which is felt on the west coast – especially in Southern California. Southern California’s fire season begins towards the end of summer, due to the dry climate. In the fall of 2002, San Diego felt the effects of an out-of-control fire. What started as human error, continued for weeks, as brush and forest fires tore through San Diego Country. Its duration and strength was assisted by warm El Nino winds. Since El Nino thrives from available heat, you could say global warming is feeding El Nino’s hunger. In 1998 National Geographic had this to say about El Nino: El Nino’s abnormal effects on the main components of climate—sunshine, temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, cloud formation and ocean currents—changed weather patterns across the equatorial Pacific and in turn around the globe†¦ In the past 98 years there have been 23 El Ninos and 15 La Ninas. Of the century’s ten most powerful El Ninos, four—the four strongest—have occurred since 1980. (Suplee) Considering it is possible global warming energizes the climate event El Nino, it can also melt glaciers. A widespread retreat of non-polar glaciers during the 20th century, and a 10% decrease in world snow cover since the 1960’s was captured by satellite imagery; the shrinking of snow cover and the retreat of glaciers are not expected to slow down during the 21st century (IPCC SPM). Researchers agree that melting glaciers coupled with melting ice sheets, like those covering Antarctica and Greenland, will become significant factors in causing the sea levels to rise. Rising Sea Levels Rising sea levels could devastate coastal tourism spots. This may become a very costly problem for coastal cities. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has estimated a one foot rise along the eastern seaboard by 2050. According to researchers, if this rise were to occur on the west coast, which is more likely than not, California would lose 2-4 feet of beach due to erosion. [pic] (IPCC Chart 3) The EPA also had this to say about rising sea levels: Rising sea level inundates wetlands and other low-lying lands, erodes beaches, intensifies flooding, and increases the salinity of rivers, bays, and groundwater tables. Some of these effects may be further compounded by other effects of changing climate. Measures that people take to protect private property from rising sea level may have adverse effects on the environment and on public uses of beaches and waterways. (EPA) Even though the damage to the U. S. ’s coastline would be expensive, planet earth has over 4 billion people outside the U. S. that live on a coastal plain. (Greenpeace Going) Rising sea levels could completely demolish low-lying coastal cities around the world: New York, Miami, Tokyo, San Diego, and London are a few such cities that could experience rising sea levels first-hand. Poor, undeveloped countries that lack technology, would be the ones to lose entire populations from a force that is beyond their control. What can we do to stop this rising tide? Recommendations to Slow Global Warming †¢ Adhere to the Kyoto Protocol †¢ Increase forestation Kyoto Protocol The Kyoto Protocol, which began in 1997, has developed an international treaty to cut greenhouse gas emissions. The overall goal is for countries to lower these emissions to 1990 levels by 2008. For the policies to take effect, 55 countries that accounted for at least 55% of the greenhouse gas emissions in 1990 must ratify the protocol. The founders of the Kyoto Protocol – United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), require countries that have ratified the protocol to: †¢ Enhance energy efficiency methods on the countries largest polluters †¢ Tax economic sectors that are the countries largest polluters †¢ Research, develop, and implement new forms of energy †¢ Promote forestation (UNFCCC) Only a few countries have said â€Å"no† to this protocol. Unfortunately, the United States is one of those countries. As a world leader, we should ratify the Kyoto Protocol and enforce its requirements on our industry. Our government could give tax cuts for companies utilizing new technology with a low-carbon output. This technology could be in the form of: hydro-electric, wind, or solar power. We could also enforce strict pollution policies to regulate and limit what can be released into the environment. Other enforcements could be directed at absorbing the CO2 in the atmosphere through forestation. Increase Forestation Forests act as sponges to suck up, or decrease, the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Curtailing the lumber and logging industry in the U. S. is a first step towards increasing forestation. This is especially true of the industries in and around the Amazon. Because rainforests are denser than ordinary forests, they absorb much more carbon dioxide. Plus, the rainforests trap in precipitation to prevent flooding, and preserve bio-diversity and indigenous cultures. Another, more realistic approach is to plant trees and re-grow the forests. One example of this approach is happening in China. Due to deforestation, the Chinese government requires those between the ages of 11 and 60 to plant up to 5 trees per year; they claim to have planted 1 billion trees in the past 20 years. (Wikipedia Deforestation) Conclusion Global warming affects everyone; it has no boundaries. It is not intended to directly harm other cultures and peoples, but it inadvertently does through continually disregard for the environment. This disregard happens when nations become industrialized: more specifically – from burning fossil fuels and the deforestation process. But, we do have the power of choice. The citizens of the United States should step forward and assume responsibility. It is our duty to contribute to the reduction of global warming by regulating our CO2 emissions, and even becoming aware of our paper consumption. With the assist of other developed nations, we should be implementing energy-efficient technologies and practices to deter our current pollution. These technologies might come at a high price. But, in the long run, it could reduce the costs and damages associated with the foreseeable climate change. Works Cited CIA World Factbook. â€Å"List of countries by GDP (PPP). † Wikipedia. 2006. 18 Sept. 2006 EPA. â€Å"Coastal Zones. † Environmental Protection Agency. Jan. 2000. 15 Sept. 2006 Greenpeace. â€Å"Going, Going, Gone?. † Greenpeace. July 2005. 13 Sept. 2006 Greenpeace. â€Å"Science. † Greenpeace. 2006. 14 Sept. 2006 Global Forest Watch. â€Å"Human Pressure on the Brazilian Amazon Forests. † 2006. Global Forest Watch. 17 Sept. 2006 IPCC. Chart 1. â€Å"Indicators of the human influence on the atmosphere. † IPCC. 2001. 16 Sept. 2006 IPCC. Chart 2. â€Å"Comparison between GDP and CO2 emissions for selected countries. † Climate Change 2001 Synthesis Report 5-6. 2001. 16 Sept. 2006 IPCC. Chart 3. â€Å"Third Assessment Report – Climate Change 2001. † IPCC. 2001. 16 Sept. 2006 IPCC. Climate Change 2001: SPM: The Scientific Basis. † IPCC. 2001. 16 Sept. 2006 IPCC. â€Å"Climate Change 2001: Working Group I: The Scientific Basis. † IPCC. 2001. 16 Sept. 2006 Stix, Gary. â€Å"A climate Repair Manuel. † Scientific American Sept. 2006: 47. Suplee, Curt. â€Å"Unlocking the Climate. † National Geographic May 1998. 13 Sept. 2006 UNFCCC. â€Å"Kyoto Prot ocol to the UNFCCC. † UNFCCC. 1998. 19 Sept. 2006 Wikipedia. â€Å"Deforestation. † Wikipedia. 2006. 19 Sept. 2006 Wikipedia. â€Å"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. † Wikipedia. 2006. 12 Sept. 2006 How to cite Globalization and Global Warming, Papers

Tata free essay sample

Tata motors has two major market segment that it aims to penetrate with its line of vehicle that it produces. One target is the low income families and individuals looking to purchase a first car. This target group mostly concentrates itself in the developing nations such as China and India, Tata’s own home country. Tata’s offering of models such as the Nano and the Indica caters for this segment. This target segment also has been the most widely publicized target of Tata Motors. The other segment Tata targets is on the complete opposite side of the economic spectrum. This target segment also has been the most widely publicized target of Tata’s. Tata’s second target segment is the wealthy individuals and families looking to purchase luxurious cars. Tata targets this group with their offering of Land Rover and Jaguar lines of automobiles. Both of these highly recognized and respected brand name vehicles were recently acquired by Tata from Ford Motors in 2008. We will write a custom essay sample on Tata or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In order to cater itself to two such divergent groups, Tata motors offers different value proposition to each. The value proposition it offers to the first group, the low income individuals and families, is to offer a line of vehicles that are affordable while still being safe. This value proposition was clearly evident and communicated when the Nano was announced for release in 2009. However, since then the Nano has become somewhat of publicity nightmare for Tata as it failed to deliver these proposed value propositions and satisfy its consumers. This unfortunate event became widely publisized in front of an eager world audience still awe struck at Tata’s initial daring proposition. In reality, Nano’s market price started at $2900, a whopping 45% increase from the initial suggested price of $2000 (Bajaj, 2010). Nano also revealed itself to possess a serious design flaw in its electrical system and numerous Nanos were shown going ablaze on the news around the world. Tata Motors’ failure to meet its own initial proposition has been blamed on numerous factors from rising metal costs to insufficient management planning (Eyring, 2011). Consumers have reacted very negatively to such a public failure and Tata Motors’ seeming disability to live up to its initial promise and value proposition to them. Sales were affected badly as Tata announced that it had sold only 509units of Nano in November 2010. (Bajaj, 2010)Faced with such a threatening decline in sales number Nano has added another dimension to affordability, one of its proposed value propositions. Using its vast network and influence in India, Tata has started to sell Nano outside of its dealerships. These new locations include places such as grocery retail locations and brings these cars closer to the people it targets. Tata has also said that it is actively seeking reasonable financing plans to help its customers make the car more affordable (Mint. , 2011). As rollout of their new model Indica progresses in China, many are waiting to see if the lessons learned in India will allow Tata Motors to fully deliver its value propositions to this customer segment (Accord Fintech, 201). The other market segment Tata Motors targets is the wealthy individuals and families looking to buy a luxury car. These offerings are represented by their Land Rover and Jaguar lines (Tata Group). The value proposition offered to this segment is to provide automobiles that consumers can trust and depend upon while giving them a sense of high-class self-satisfaction. As a brand name previously belonging to Ford motors and less recognized as a â€Å"Tata brand† than its Nano and Indica lines, these two brands have largely escaped the recent escapades brought on by Tata’s previously discussed public failures. Tata has expressed a hope to finance their long term projects with the steady incomes coming from these two lines (Tata Group, 2010).